Abstract: . . .  increases over a time period thus reducing its capacity. This transient state can continue for up to 10 to 15 years. This process has also to be taken into account at the design stage. This is normally done using a design and simulation software. A properly designed GHE allows for a highly energy efficient operation of an airconditioning system. From experience to date, a ground coupled air-conditioning system uses up to 30-40% less energy to run compared with a conventional air conditioning [3]. 5.2. Aquifer . . .
. . .  Program: A Proposal for an Industry-Government Collaborative. [6] Bakema G, Snijders AL, (1997), Underground Thermal Energy Storage, Application and cost-effectiveness of energy storage in aquifers in the Netherlands. IF Technology bv, Arnhem, The Nederlands. 9  . . .
. . .  report. IF Technology bv, Arnhem, The Nederlands. [5] Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, (1994), National Earth Comfort Program: A Proposal for an Industry-Government Collaborative. [6] Bakema G, Snijders AL, (1997), Underground Thermal Energy Storage, Application and cost-effectiveness of energy storage in aquifers in the Netherlands. IF Technology bv, Arnhem, The Nederlands. 9  . . .
. . .  GCHPs, ASHPs, Gas-Fired Heat Pumps (GFHP) and standard air-conditioning equipment. In the conclusions of the study we can find that: - GCHP have the highest Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) for both heating and cooling - both GCHP and GFHP have the lowest annual operating cost - GCHP can reduce energy consumption and, correspondingly emissions, by 23-44% compared with ASHP and by 63-72% compared with electric resistance / standard airconditioning equipment. The other benefit of using GCHP, apart . . .
. . . Design and application of low grade, geothermal energy systems. Piechowski M1 and Garzoli K2 1 The Advanced Engineering Centre for Manufacturing, Melbourne University, Parkville Vic. 3052. 2 Energy Research Centre, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200. Utilisation . . .
. . .  University [3] The US Environmental Protection Agency, (1993), Space Conditioning: The next Frontier. [4] Bakema G, Snijders AL, Nordell B, (1994), Underground Thermal Energy Storage: State of the art report. IF Technology bv, Arnhem, The Nederlands. [5] Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, (1994), National Earth Comfort Program: A Proposal for an Industry-Government Collaborative. [6] Bakema G, Snijders AL, (1997), Underground Thermal Energy Storage, Application and cost-effectiveness of energy storage in . . .
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