Abstract: . . .  Incomparison,thestudycountriesarepromotingthecommercializationof theirgeothermal energy productsand services. As aresult,some of thesecountries,in particularJapan,will probablyhave the largest shareof the globalmarketforgeothermalenergyproductsand services; these products and services being targetedtowardthe developing countries (the largest market for geothermal energy). Page 4 AN ASSESSMENT OF LEADERSHIP IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY • RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This reportpresents a review of geothermalenergy technology research and development (R&D) programs underway in selected countries, focusing on electricity generation. Specifically the report reviews who the leadersarein geothermal energy andhow the work underway in the United . . .
. . .  3Notethatthesetechnologiesallhaverootsin thepetroleumindustry. 4DavidV. Duchane,ProgramManager,HotDryRockProgram,LosAlamosNationalLaboratory.Telephone interviewwithVickiBruch,March19, 1993. 5 Page 9 the work [3]. The US appears to be relinquishing development of hot dry rock geothermal energy technology to the Europeans and Japanese.5 As discussed earlier, one indication of leadership is funding devoted to R&D. Figure 1 is a graph of government funding devoted to geothermal energy R&D for the countries specified for this project. 4o -- _____...4m Japan .... .- ____._.j___:_-_____-_-_____-_.__ -___:xtu_u_ --- _...... _ii immm 35 m 30_ US 25 2O |,, $ Germany m UK France 0 1 I 1989 1990 1991 Note: FundingamountscouldnotbeidentifiedforDenmark,Italy,Russia,andforFrance . . .
. . .  intercept the reservoir some distance from the first, and the system is operated by circulating pressurized water down one well (the injection well), across the reservoir, and up the other well (the production well). This scheme is shown in Figure A3. 3-10 km Depth 10.000-30.000 tl Depth Figure A3. Hot dry rock geothermal system. Source: D. W. Brown, et al, "Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy-An Emerging Energy Resource with Large Worldwide Potential," in Energy and the Environment in the 21st Century, ed. Jefferson W. Tester, (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991), 933. As the water flows across the reservoir, it becomes heated by contact with the hot rock. At the surface, this thermal energy is extracted by a heat exchanger and the water is re.circulated . . .
. . .  Congress, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, January 31, 1992. 2. US Department of Energy, "Renewable Energy: An Overview," Information Brochure FS 175, Washington, DC, March 1990. 3. Duchane, David V, "Hot Dry Rock," Climate Change and Energy Policy, Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Climate Change: Its Mitigation Through Improved Production and Use of Energy, eds. Louis Rosen and Robert Glasser, Los Alamos, NM, Np, 1991. 30 Page 34 Distribution MS 1033 JimDunn, 6111 MS 0722 Vicki Bruch, 6904 (10) MS9018 CentralTechnical Files,8523-2 MS 0899 Technical Library,7141 (5) • MS 0619 Technical Publications,7151 MS 0100 Document Processingfor DOE/OSTI, 7613-2(10) Page 35 i I I Page 36  . . .
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