Abstract: . . .  energy future investment inst. capac. factor in 2001 end 2001 factor cost energy cost cost last 5 years TWh-th GWth % % US¢/kWh US¢/kWh US$/kW %/a Biomass* 730 210 25-80 40 1-6 1-5 170-1000 2 Solar heat low temp. 57 57 8-20 11 2-25 2-10 300-1700 10 Geothermal 55 11 20-70 57 0.5-5 0.5-5 200-2000 10 * Table 7 (WEA, 2004) also shows ethanol under biomass, with operating capacity (end 2001) 18 billion litres, energy production of 450 PJ, current energy cost 8-25 $/GJ and future potential energy cost . . .
. . .  300-1700 10 Geothermal 55 11 20-70 57 0.5-5 0.5-5 200-2000 10 * Table 7 (WEA, 2004) also shows ethanol under biomass, with operating capacity (end 2001) 18 billion litres, energy production of 450 PJ, current energy cost 8-25 $/GJ and future potential energy cost of 6-10 $/GJ. 5  . . .
. . .  Energy requirements for the new millennium. In: Human development and the environment: Challenges for the United Nations in the new millennium, United Nations University Press, Tokyo, (2002), 220-233. Fridleifsson, I.B.: Status of geothermal energy amongst the world´s energy sources. Geothermics, 32, (2003), 379388. Huttrer, G.W.: The status of world geothermal power generation 1995-2000. Geothermics, 30, (2001), 1-27. IEA: Key world energy statistics (2000 edition). International Energy Agency, . . .
. . .  energy future investment inst. capac. factor in 2001 end 2001 factor cost energy cost cost last 5 years TWh-th GWth % % US¢/kWh US¢/kWh US$/kW %/a Biomass* 730 210 25-80 40 1-6 1-5 170-1000 2 Solar heat low temp. 57 57 8-20 11 2-25 2-10 300-1700 10 Geothermal 55 11 20-70 57 0.5-5 0.5-5 200-2000 10 * Table 7 (WEA, 2004) also shows ethanol under biomass, with operating capacity (end 2001) 18 billion litres, energy production of 450 PJ, current energy cost 8-25 $/GJ and future potential energy cost of . . .
. . .  0.04 20-30 23 8-15 8-15 1700-2500 2968.5 787.8 * Large hydro stations produce 2600 TWh (capacity 690 GWe) and small 100 TWh (25 GWe). Table 5: Status of direct heat production from renewables, end 2001 (data extracted from Table 7 of 2004 update of World Energy Assessment (WEA, 2004)) Energy Operating Average Current Potential Turnkey Increase in Capacity production capacity Capacity energy future investment inst. capac. factor in 2001 end 2001 factor cost energy cost cost last 5 years TWh-th GWth . . .
. . .  300-1700 10 Geothermal 55 11 20-70 57 0.5-5 0.5-5 200-2000 10 * Table 7 (WEA, 2004) also shows ethanol under biomass, with operating capacity (end 2001) 18 billion litres, energy production of 450 PJ, current energy cost 8-25 $/GJ and future potential energy cost of 6-10 $/GJ. 5  . . .
--3000,6,250,2981,21573