Abstract: . . .  2-5 13 El. 18 31 Heat 100 62 50 96 Page 28 Diesel Engine CHP Station 200 kW ? CHP = 0,84, ? el = 0,38, s = 0,8 Production Diesel Engine Final Energy ? CHP = 0,84 10 14 El. 34 40 Heat 100 76 90 [ASUE, 2001] Page 29 Externally Fired GT with Recuperation Drying with Waste Heat Turbec T100, P = 100 kW, FWL = 333 kW, ? CHP = 0,77, ? el = 0,28, s = 0,6 Fuel Supply Chain Pre-Processing Power & Heat Generation Final Energy Dry + Grind 8 2-5 21 El. 24 44 Heat 100 89 68 97 ? CHP = 0,77 Page 30 Global Integrated Solar Energy Sytem [Wolf, 2002]  . . .
. . .  Bio-electricity in small units are inefficient & expensive whereas large-scale co-firing coal units efficient & economic - Upgrading to liquid & gaseous fuels complicated & incur losses, at present only fermentation close to commercialisation - Future technologies with indirect firing (Stirling Engine and Hot Air Turbine) and Fuel Cells may open new perspectives Energy Policy should be directed to yield max sustainable benefits - Economically viable technologies & large CO 2 savings Page 23 Production Chain from Field to Bio-Fuel Production Harvesting Energy Inputs Transpor- tation Storage Processing Losses Losses & By-Products Bio Fuel for final conversion P E ? P E P P P P E E E ? + = ? Production efficiency: Photosynthesis Page 24 Energy Inputs for Production of Energy Carriers 4.9 / 13.7 5.0 / 16.2 9.8 4.5 2.5 4.0 / 10.0 39.2 / 48.0 16.6 / 11.8 57.1 / 60.1 18.2 / 16.4 -/ - 1.5 / 2.7 5.6 - - 0 / 5.5 8.7 / 11.3 26.1 / 22.0 0.2 / 11.7 2.5 / 12.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 / 1.8 4.2 / 2.6 4.6 / 2.8 4.8 / 2.0 1.0 / 2.1 2.2 3.0 . . .
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