Abstract: . . .  ethanol concentration [3] Production of fuels for fuel cells: hydrogen and methane production from agricultural residues, dimethylether production from livestock excreta. [4] Demonstration of the key technologies: evaluation of the systems using pilot plants for ethanol production and production of fuels for fuel cells. 7 Figure 1. Pilot plant for methanol production from biomass. Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the pervaporation membrane bioreactor (from reference 3) 8  . . .
. . .  project Bio-renaissance program Biomass energy project Bio-recycle program ? ? ? ? ? 19781981199120012002- 1987? 1990? 2000? 2005? 2006? Table 4. Energy recovery in methanol from various biomass resources Biomass Rice bran Rice straw Rice husk Sorghum (ear) Sorghum (leaves and stems) Cedar chips From reference (5) Recovery (%) 57 54 55 57 56 59 Table 5. Outline of Biomass Energy Project [1] Pretreatment methods: drying, destruction of the obstinate structure [2] Ethanol production technologies: Enhancement of enzyme hydrolyzing activities, improvement of microorganisms by gene engineering, new membranes for ethanol concentration [3] Production of fuels for fuel cells: hydrogen and methane production from agricultural residues, dimethylether . . .
. . .  sustainable way. It can help mitigate climate change, reduce acid rain, and soil erosion. Japan has 4 committed itself to national targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Kyoto Protocol obligation of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6 % from 1990 levels by 2008-12. In order to attain the objective and to contribute to maintaining the global environment, studies on biomass energy should be accelerated. The most influential technology in the relatively distant future probably is hydrogen generation from biomass resources. References (1) NEDO (New Energy Development Organization). 2000. New energy overseas information. Tokyo(Japan) 00-2: p 23-166. (2) Mori Y. 1990. Characterization of a symbiotic coculture of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum . . .
. . . Progress in Biomass Energy Studies in MAFF, Japan1 Yutaka Mori Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan Abstract The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan has been engaging in biomass energy development studies for more than two decades. The major focuses of the studies are biomass production and biomass conversion to energy. . . .
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