Abstract: . . .  the ecological scarcity method enables a comparison of energy chains with respect to both, CO2 as the dominant factor for climate change, and environmental pollution for air, water, and soil. The results of an aggregated LCA are valuable for a generic evaluation of different technologies. However, an aggregated LCA is only of limited value for technology decisions, since e.g. the influences on the greenhouse effect and the impact on health are summarized. As a consequence, a comprehensive variation . . .
. . .  Frischknecht, R.: Heizenergie aus Heizöl, Erdgas oder Holz, Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 315, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern 2000 Nussbaumer, T.: Combustion and Co-Combustion of Biomass, 12th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection, 17–21 June 2002, Amsterdam, Volume I, ISBN 88-900442-5-X, ISBN 3-936338-10-8, 31–37 Nussbaumer, Th.; Good, J.; Jenni, A.; Bühler, R.; Gabathuler, H.R.: QS Holzheizung: Automatische Holzheizungen: Planung . . .
. . .  Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern 2001 Kessler, F.; Knechtle, N.; Frischknecht, R.: Heizenergie aus Heizöl, Erdgas oder Holz, Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 315, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern 2000 Nussbaumer, T.: Combustion and Co-Combustion of Biomass, 12th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection, 17–21 June 2002, Amsterdam, Volume I, ISBN 88-900442-5-X, ISBN 3-936338-10-8, 31–37 Nussbaumer, Th.; Good, J.; Jenni, A.; . . .
. . .  density described by [MWh a–1m–1] (MWh distributed collectible energy per year and meter of district heating system length) without district heating transport distance of the fuel (pellets) to the consumer in [km] • dh w/o dh TD • Qin = FH Energy input based on the heating value of the fuel hp Indices prim sec end coll a ex A P U D R NR WOF primary energy secondary energy end energy collectible energy annual exergetic Auxiliary energy demand Production (of plant) Utilisation (of plant) Disposal (of . . .
. . .  Cumulative Energy Demand, Terms, Definitions, Methods of Calculations, VDIRichtlinie 4600, Düsseldorf (D), 1997 Wagner, H.-J.; Gürzenich, D.; Pick, E.: Cumulative Energy Demand of Wind Energy and Solar Water Heating Systems, International Renewable Energy Magazine, 1999 Wörgetter, M. et al.: Ökobilanz Biodiesel, Bericht des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Wien 1999 47  . . .
. . .  Definitionen, Berechnungsmethoden – Cumulative Energy Demand, Terms, Definitions, Methods of Calculations, VDIRichtlinie 4600, Düsseldorf (D), 1997 Wagner, H.-J.; Gürzenich, D.; Pick, E.: Cumulative Energy Demand of Wind Energy and Solar Water Heating Systems, International Renewable Energy Magazine, 1999 Wörgetter, M. et al.: Ökobilanz Biodiesel, Bericht des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Wien 1999 47  . . .
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