Abstract: . . .  turbines.In Spain, a study showed 0.13 dead birds per year per turbine.By comparison in the USA, over 100 million birds are estimated to die each year from colliding with vehicles, buildings, power lines and other structures, with wind power responsible for just 1 out of every 5,000 - 10,000 avian fatalities. Wind farms from 15 - 20 years ago that were poorly sited caused a greater number of bird deaths than today, but there is still a need to continue research with modern turbines.Careful turbine siting, away from migration routes for example, can virtually eliminate fatalities altogether.Worldwide, 99 % of the threat . . .
. . .  electricity produced by wind energy avoids an equivalent amount of emissions. Wind Farms and Birds The impacts of wind turbines upon bird life are very site specific and are either by collision or migration interruption, rather than habitat or ecosystem impacts and disturbance. Research cited by the European Wind Energy Association shows that the risk of bird deaths through collision with wind turbines is low.For example, it is estimated that 33,000 birds are killed annually by wind turbines operating in the USA, an average of 2.2 fatalities for each of the 15,000 turbines.In Spain, a study showed 0.13 dead birds per year . . .
. . .  killed annually by wind turbines operating in the USA, an average of 2.2 fatalities for each of the 15,000 turbines.In Spain, a study showed 0.13 dead birds per year per turbine.By comparison in the USA, over 100 million birds are estimated to die each year from colliding with vehicles, buildings, power lines and other structures, with wind power responsible for just 1 out of every 5,000 - 10,000 avian fatalities. Wind farms from 15 - 20 years ago that were poorly sited caused a greater number of bird deaths than today, but there is still a need to continue research with modern turbines.Careful turbine siting, away . . .
. . .  sited caused a greater number of bird deaths than today, but there is still a need to continue research with modern turbines.Careful turbine siting, away from migration routes for example, can virtually eliminate fatalities altogether.Worldwide, 99 % of the threat to bird life is related to human activities, the most serious is habitat loss.  . . .
--2488,4,311,2494,12441