Abstract: . . .  film technologies have the inherent advantage that they require very little material in the final module. Materials yields range widely for thin film processes and in practice involve tradeoffs between uniformity or some other film quality measure. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first empirical study of this kind. Total EPBT 2,742 1.6 448 0.3 2,408 1.4 5,598 3.3 3.3 Total EPBT 15,107 8.9 111 0.1 1,308 0.8 16,527 9.7 9.7 Total EPBT 1,725 1.0 36 0.02 1,308 0.8 3,070 1.8 1.8 5. DISCUSSION Balance of systems components can add significantly to EPBT when heavy support structures or batteries . . .
. . . Solar 2000 Conference, Madison, Wisconsin. June 16-21, 2000 Page 1 of 6 An Empirical Perspective on the Energy Payback Time for Photovoltaic Modules Karl E. Knapp, Ph.D. Energy & Environmental Economics, Inc. 353 Sacramento Street, Suite 1700 San Francisco, CA 94111 karl@ethree.com Theresa L. Jester Siemens Solar Industries 4650 Adohr Lane Camarillo, CA 93011 terry.jester@solar.siemens.com . . .
. . .  “Manufacturing Energy Requirements and Energy Payback of Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon PV Modules”, Solar '94: American Solar Energy Society Annual Conference, 9-14, San Jose, CA, June 1994 (25) Wilson, R., A.Young, “Embodied Energy Payback Period of Photovoltaic Installations Applied to Buildings in the U.K.”, Building and Environment, v31n4, 299-305, Jul 1996  . . .
. . .  Clean Energy from PV”, PV FAQs, NREL/Sandia, 1999 (24) von Meier, A., “Manufacturing Energy Requirements and Energy Payback of Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon PV Modules”, Solar '94: American Solar Energy Society Annual Conference, 9-14, San Jose, CA, June 1994 (25) Wilson, R., A.Young, “Embodied Energy Payback Period of Photovoltaic Installations Applied to Buildings in the U.K.”, Building and Environment, v31n4, 299-305, Jul 1996  . . .
. . .  Energy from PV”, PV FAQs, NREL/Sandia, 1999 (24) von Meier, A., “Manufacturing Energy Requirements and Energy Payback of Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon PV Modules”, Solar '94: American Solar Energy Society Annual Conference, 9-14, San Jose, CA, June 1994 (25) Wilson, R., A.Young, “Embodied Energy Payback Period of Photovoltaic Installations Applied to Buildings in the U.K.”, Building and Environment, v31n4, 299-305, Jul 1996  . . .
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