Abstract: . . .  classification. • Environmental impacts of calamities are not calculated within the scope of this LCA. Only little attention is paid to the evaluation of risks and impacts of calamities in the protocol, but deserves more attention. IPTS/JRC/EC 20 MAAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PV TECHNOLOGY INTERSUDMED (TASK6) 5. Literature [1] Engelenburg B.C.W. and Nieuwlaar A., (1993) “Methodology for the life-cycle assessment of energy technologies”, Dept. of Science, Technology and Society, Utrech University, Utrech, Rep 93011 [2] Heijungs, (1992) “Environmental lifecycle assessment of products-Manual” Center for Environmental studies, Leiden, Report n. 9253 [3] Palz, W. and Zibetta, 1991, Int. J. Solar Energy, 12, 3/4 [4] EC, “ExternE National Implementation. Germany”, . . .
. . .  IPTS/JRC/EC 20 MAAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PV TECHNOLOGY INTERSUDMED (TASK6) 5. Literature [1] Engelenburg B.C.W. and Nieuwlaar A., (1993) “Methodology for the life-cycle assessment of energy technologies”, Dept. of Science, Technology and Society, Utrech University, Utrech, Rep 93011 [2] Heijungs, (1992) “Environmental lifecycle assessment of products-Manual” Center for Environmental studies, Leiden, Report n. 9253 [3] Palz, W. and Zibetta, 1991, Int. J. Solar Energy, 12, 3/4 [4] EC, “ExternE National Implementation. Germany”, Nov. 1997, Joule III project. IPTS/JRC/EC 21 MAAM  . . .
. . .  incorporate the normalization step into the protocol as part of an impact assessment which also includes the classification. • Environmental impacts of calamities are not calculated within the scope of this LCA. Only little attention is paid to the evaluation of risks and impacts of calamities in the protocol, but deserves more attention. IPTS/JRC/EC 20 MAAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PV TECHNOLOGY INTERSUDMED (TASK6) 5. Literature [1] Engelenburg B.C.W. and Nieuwlaar A., (1993) “Methodology for the life-cycle assessment of energy technologies”, Dept. of Science, Technology and Society, Utrech University, Utrech, Rep 93011 [2] Heijungs, (1992) “Environmental lifecycle assessment of products-Manual” Center for Environmental studies, Leiden, Report . . .
. . .  production Conversion Decommissioning IPTS/JRC/EC 13 MAAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PV TECHNOLOGY INTERSUDMED (TASK6) Exhaustion of raw material Energy needed Global warming Waste Land use Medium Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Low Low Low Medium Low Table 7.- Environmental impacts due to electric and electronic equipment 3.4 Example of application of LCA to a photovoltaic system 3.4.1 Definition of the functional unit In case I we study a system of 30 m2 of amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules which are connected to the grid directly. The modules comprise a-Si cells and have a conversion efficiency of 10%. Integration into the roof is done with aluminium profiles. In case 2 we study a system of 30 m2 a-Si cell modules integrated in . . .
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