Abstract: . . .  Equipment Pretreatment Equipment Solar Pond ORC Engine Thermal Desalination Equipment Total Capital: O & M Costs: RO Equipment Pretreatment Equipment Thermal Desalination Equipment Purchased Electric Power Purchased Thermal Power Solar Pond ORC Engine Total O & M: Water Cost: Amortized Capital O&M Yearly (Plus) Kgal Produced Yrly (Div) COST ($ / kgal) 10 MGD 12.9 MGD 9 MGD 3.9 MGD 0.4 MGD 90 percent 90 percent 3.51 MGD 12.51 MGD . . .
. . .  Department. Mesa, A.A., et al., 1996, Energy Saving and Desalination of Water, Desalination, 108 (1996): 43-50. Morton, A.J., et al, 1996, Environmental Impacts of Seawater Distillation and Reverse Osmosis Processes, Desalination, 108 (1996): 1-10. Office of Saline Water, 1971, Saline Water Conversion Engineering Data Book, Second Edition, United States Department of the Interior. Swift, A.H.P., 1988, Solar Engineering 1988, ASME . . .
. . .  easier to operate than the Spinflash. • • • • 6.8 Economic Analysis The MEMS unit is a small pilot system that is no longer commercially available. The important economic question is the cost of desalinated water using a full scale system of this type of unit in conjunction with a salinity gradient solar pond. The economics of solar pond based desalination were studied by Esquivel (1992). Two factors which influence the cost . . .
. . .  systems designed to recover only 75-80 percent of the treated water. The remaining 15-25 percent of the water represents a disposal problem at an inland site. The potential use for thermal desalination systems such as MEMS would be to treat RO (or nanofiltration) reject waters with the final concentrate going into construction of salinity gradient solar ponds. For a 12.5 MGD (0.55 m3/s) combined RO and MSF plant powered completely . . .
. . .  Paso Mechanical Engineering Department. Mesa, A.A., et al., 1996, Energy Saving and Desalination of Water, Desalination, 108 (1996): 43-50. Morton, A.J., et al, 1996, Environmental Impacts of Seawater Distillation and Reverse Osmosis Processes, Desalination, 108 (1996): 1-10. Office of Saline Water, 1971, Saline Water Conversion Engineering Data Book, Second Edition, United States Department of the Interior. Swift, A.H.P., 1988, . . .
. . .  type, but large-scale unit, need to be gathered in order to perform a more realistic economic analysis for large-scale desalting facilities. • • 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF TEST FACILITIES 4.1 Salinity Gradient Solar Pond A salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) is a body of water that collects and stores solar energy. Generally, it has three regions (from top to bottom): the upper convective or surface zone; the main gradient zone (MGZ); . . .
. . .  Reverse Osmosis Processes, Desalination, 108 (1996): 1-10. Office of Saline Water, 1971, Saline Water Conversion Engineering Data Book, Second Edition, United States Department of the Interior. Swift, A.H.P., 1988, Solar Engineering 1988, ASME (1988): 14-16. 40 APPENDICES 41  . . .
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