Abstract: . . .  variable length will be further analysed by the working group. 6. EXPECTED RESULTS The experiences from this work will be an important contribution to the development of general collaborative activities using the demand side. 7 Results expected from the Task will include: Installation of at least 10,000 SDHW-systems or equivalent in larger systems Making the market more international Leading to a steady growth of the market. By aggregated mass purchasing a larger market will be created for more cost-efficient products. Both the preparations and the work within the new Task can be seen as a valuable learning process. A model for international collaborative work for facilitation of innovation and diffusion of more efficient solutions in the active solar field will be developed. The Task will contribute to an enlargement of the production of energy from sustainable sources. The non-energy benefits include environmental improvements by avoiding substantial air pollution. The project will show the way for using bulk-buying activities for innovation in the energy supply side as well as for end-use systems. At least 50% cost reductions are expected to be achieved through joint efforts. Well worked-out performance specifications and valuable information material will be other results created within the proposed Task. Purchasing by thousands and ten thousands will be more frequent, which will further contribute to cost reductions. 7. COLLABORATION AMONG BUYERS Take the opportunity to join and . . .
. . .  total time from weeks to 2 days Energy reduction 30-50% Table 1. 1.2 Overview of results, Technology Procurement Solar background The IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme has been active with R&D co-operation since 1977 and approx. 90 projects have been undertaken. Today, 20 member countries participate in the 2 programme. Recently a major IEA project ended - Task 14 “Advanced Active Solar Systems”. The final report summarises the research work within this area and points out achieved results with about 15% cost reductions. Different countries also present their future “dream” systems. Substantial possible cost/energy improvements are foreseen due to system and product development. Further, other studies have indicated that the cost of solar thermal systems can be lowered by 50% with increased production and more efficient retailing. 2. 2.1 THEORIES AND DEFINITIONS Innovation instruments Over the years, researchers have consistently debated which instruments are most effective in producing innovations. (In this context, it is important to note the difference between inventions and innovations, meaning new products, systems and processes which have left the laboratory and been introduced onto the market). Some researchers have emphasised the supply side (technology push), others the demand side (market pull). The conclusion drawn in recent times is that initiatives are important on both sides, but that most innovations - some researchers say 75% or more - have probably materialised . . .
--3000,2,750,3165,21755