Abstract: . . .  also included to increase access to federal lands by energy projects — such as drilling activities, electric transmission lines, and gas pipelines. Similar provisions may be considered in energy legislation in the 109th Congress. State Laws and Programs75 Several state laws and programs influence the economics of renewable energy production and use by providing incentives for research, production, and consumption of renewable fuels such as biofuels and wind energy systems. In addition, demand for agriculture-based renewable energy is being driven, in part, by state Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) that require utilities to obtain set percentages of their electricity from renewable sources by certain target dates. The amounts and deadlines vary, but 17 states now have laws instituting RPS’s, with New York being the latest addition. 73 For additional related bill contents and more information on non-tax provisions in the bills, see CRS Issue Brief IB10116, Energy Policy: The Continuing Debate . . .
. . .  [http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels.htm]. Economic Benefits of Biofuel Production J. M. Urbanchuk, The Contribution of the Ethanol Industry to the American Economy in 2004, March 12, 2004, available at [http://www.ncga.com/ethanol/pdfs/ EthanolEconomicContributionREV.pdf] J. M. Urbanchuk and J. Kapell, Ethanol and the Local Community, June 20, 2002, available at [http://www.ncga.com/ethanol/pdfs/EthanolLocalCommunity.pdf]. CRS-32 John M. Urbanchuk, An Economic Analysis of Legislation for a Renewable Fuels Requirement for Highway Motor Fuels, Nov. 7, 2001. Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI), Impacts of Increased Ethanol & Biodiesel Demand, FAPRI-UMC Report #13-01, October 2001, available at [http://www.fapri.missouri.edu/]. P. Gallagher, D. Otto, H. Shapouri, J. Price, G. Schamel, M. Dikeman, and H. Brubacker, The Effects of Expanding Ethanol Markets on Ethanol Production, Feed Markets, and the Iowa Economy, Staff Paper #342, Dept. of Economics, Iowa St. Univ., . . .
. . .  [http://www.fapri.missouri.edu/]. P. Gallagher, D. Otto, H. Shapouri, J. Price, G. Schamel, M. Dikeman, and H. Brubacker, The Effects of Expanding Ethanol Markets on Ethanol Production, Feed Markets, and the Iowa Economy, Staff Paper #342, Dept. of Economics, Iowa St. Univ., June 30, 2001. Anaerobic Digestion Systems The Agricultural Marketing Research Center, Bio-Mass/Forages, at [http://www. agmrc.org/biomass/biomass.html]. Wind Energy Systems American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), [http://www.awea.org/]. DOE, Wind Energy Program, [http://www.eren.doe.gov/re/wind]. The Utility Wind Interest Group, [http://www.uwig.org].  . . .
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