Abstract: . . .  mercury) under varying levels of stringency, finding allowance costs in 2020 (1999$) of $1,108–2,825/ton for NOx, $719-$1,737/ton for SO2, and $21,119–$85,225/pound of mercury. Text Box 3. Benchmarks for the Cost of Future Environmental Regulations 64 7. Balancing Portfolio Cost and Risk 7.1 Introduction The resource plans in our sample vary in the degree to which they evaluated different types of risk (e.g., fuel price vs. environmental), as well as the way in which they analyzed those risks (e.g., stochastic . . .
. . .  described above) the compliance cost assumptions in each plan to get to 2003 dollars. We then levelized each cost stream over the particular planning horizon assumed in each plan (for PGE we levelized through 2020 rather than 2051) to yield a levelized cost stream in 2003 dollars. 82  . . .
. . .  differentials are quoted in nominal dollars while the NPCC differentials are in real 2000 dollars; both were deflated and inflated, respectively, to 2003 dollars using the GDP price deflator data described above. Compliance Cost Assumptions: For carbon and other pollutants, we inflated or deflated (using the GDP deflator as described above) the compliance cost assumptions in each plan to get to 2003 dollars. We then levelized each cost stream over the particular planning horizon assumed in each plan . . .
. . .  Procure Electricity Resources to Provide Reliable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Electricity Services to All Retail Customers.” Cambridge, Massachusetts: Synapse Energy Economics. Bokenkamp, K, H. LaFlash, V. Singh, D. Bachrach Wang. 2005. “Hedging Carbon Risk: Protecting Customers and Shareholders from the Financial Risk Associated with Carbon Dioxide Emissions.” The Electricity Journal, 18(6): 11-24. Bolinger, M., R. Wiser, and W. Golove. 2005 (forthcoming). “Accounting for Fuel Price Risk When Comparing . . .
. . .  deflated (using the GDP deflator as described above) the compliance cost assumptions in each plan to get to 2003 dollars. We then levelized each cost stream over the particular planning horizon assumed in each plan (for PGE we levelized through 2020 rather than 2051) to yield a levelized cost stream in 2003 dollars. 82  . . .
. . .  Information Administration. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2005. “Annual Energy Outlook 2005 with Projections to 2025.” DOE/EIA-0383(2005). Washington, D.C.: Energy Information Administration. Goldman, C., J. Schlegel, and A. Mingst. 2005. "Treatment of Energy Efficiency in Western Utility Resource Plans." LBNL-58271. Berkeley, California: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Forthcoming. Graves, F., Read, J. and J. Wharton. 2004. “Resource Planning and Procurement in Evolving Electricity . . .
--3000,6,250,3037,299457