Abstract: . . .  target grows. A large portion of costs is the expense to purchase credits. Cost for the reinforcement of power system is not considered. Additional cost per volume of . . .
. . .  amount Biomass resource assessment (existing) supply amount Biomass (new) supply amount Imbalance Wind (new) supply curve optimization Marginal value of REC (REC price) . . .
. . .  supply Wind power and biomass power by municipal waste supply a large percentage of renewables. Long-term viewpoint gives an incentive for front-loaded action. Fig.3 Additional . . .
. . .  Center Reference Kenichiro Nishio and Hiroshi Asano, 2003, "The Amount of Renewable Energy and Additional Costs under the Renewable Portfolio Standards in Japan", CRIEPI . . .
. . .  of total electricity sales Fig.2 Growth in renewable electricity supply Wind power and biomass power by municipal waste supply a large percentage of renewables. Long-term . . .
. . .  to purchase credits. Cost for the reinforcement of power system is not considered. Additional cost per volume of total electricity sales (yen/kWh)  . . .
--982,6,82,1412,4909